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American researchers reported the success of the second phase of clinical trials of combined individual and group psilocybin psychotherapy for the treatment of major depression in cancer patients. A report on the work was published in the journal Cancer; a separate publication in the same publication is devoted to the study of the subjective perception of such treatment.

Depression often accompanies cancer; clinically significant manifestations are observed in one out of three to four patients. At the same time, the traditional approach to treatment, including psychotherapy and the prescription of antidepressants, is often not effective enough. Because of this, psychedelic psychotherapy, including the use of psilocybin, is of great interest, which in clinical trials has repeatedly demonstrated high effectiveness in the treatment of major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental disorders.

The open-label (non-blinded) phase 2 clinical trial, conducted by Sunstone Therapies CEO Manish Agrawal and colleagues from several US research centers, included 30 cancer patients (average age 56 years). For two thirds of them, one to four years have passed since diagnosis; in 53.3 percent the disease was metastatic and inoperable. Among oncological diseases, breast cancer predominated (33.3 percent), as well as leukemia and lymphoma (26.7 percent). All participants suffered from major depressive disorder without moderate or severe psychotic features (HAM-D score 18 or more). They were not taking antidepressants, antipsychotics or medical cannabis at the time of recruitment.

After interview, assessment, and screening, each participant was assigned to an individual therapist and completed two orientation sessions that included information about psilocybin therapy. They then participated in weekly therapy sessions for eight weeks with 25 milligrams of synthetic psilocybin. In these sessions, the drug was administered to three to four patients at a time, who stayed in adjacent rooms of a community cancer center alone with their therapist for 4.25 hours, and then came together for 3.75 hours for group support and integration of the experience.

The dynamics of depression severity during therapy were assessed using the MADRS scale. At the eighth week, it decreased by an average of 19.1 points (p < 0.0001) compared to baseline. Sustained response to treatment was observed in 80 percent of participants; exactly half achieved complete remission of depressive symptoms in the first week, which persisted throughout the study. No serious side effects were recorded. Some patients complained of moderate and transient nausea and headache. Laboratory tests and ECG were without abnormalities. The participants did not show suicidal tendencies.

To determine the acceptability of combined individual and group psychotherapy using psilocybin for patients, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with patients in a separate study; 28 people took part in them. In general, patients rated this approach positively in terms of both effectiveness and safety. Group sessions, on the one hand, increased their sense of security and preparedness, on the other hand, generated feelings of connectedness and community that helped to enrich and deepen everyone’s personal experience.

A recent study by Israeli scientists found that the mushroom extract may demonstrate superior effectiveness compared to chemically synthesized psilocybin, especially in stimulating neuroplasticity and promoting the development of new connections between nerve cells - a very important property. This breakthrough opens up potential applications for treating depression, PTSD and schizophrenia. The study results were published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry.

In work led by researchers Dr. Tsuri Lifshitz and psychiatrist Prof. Bernard Lehrer from Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, with the participation of graduate student Orrom Shahar and Dr. Alexander Botvinnik, the scientists found that a mushroom extract containing psilocybin may have more potent and long-lasting effects on synaptic plasticity in the brain. compared to chemically synthesized psilocybin.

Millions of people around the world suffer from mental disorders, and many patients remain refractory to existing pharmaceutical treatments. Alarming statistics show that 40% of people suffering from depression find no relief from currently available medications, a similar trend among people with OCD.

Moreover, with approximately 0.5% of the population suffering from schizophrenia, there is an urgent need for innovative solutions tailored to those who do not benefit from existing medications.

Preliminary study results shed light on the discrepancy in effectiveness between psilocybin-containing mushroom extract and chemically synthesized psilocybin. Notably, the extract increased levels of synaptic proteins associated with neuroplasticity in key brain regions including the frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and striatum.

Metabolomic analysis also revealed notable differences between the mushroom extract containing psilocybin and ocd chemically synthesized psilocybin. The extract demonstrated a distinct metabolic profile related to oxidative stress and energy production pathways.

These findings open up new possibilities for the therapeutic use of natural psychedelic compounds, offering hope to those who have found little relief in traditional psychiatric treatments. As demand for innovative solutions continues to grow, psychedelic drug research represents a critical avenue for the development of novel and personalized medicines.

Additionally, Western medicine has historically favored the isolation of active compounds rather than the use of extracts, primarily to achieve better control over doغیر مجاز می باشدes and the onset of known effects during treatment. The challenge with extracts has been that in the past it has not been possible to consistently produce an accurate product with a consistent composition. In contrast, ancient medical practices, especially those that attributed therapeutic benefits to psychedelic medicine, included the use of extracts or whole foods, such as consuming the entire mushroom.

The main problem with natural extracts is achieving a stable composition, especially in plants, but mushrooms are unique in this regard. The composition of fungi is influenced by their growth environment, including factors such as substrate composition, CO2/O2 ratio, light exposure, temperature and microbiological environment. Despite these factors, controlled cultivation makes it possible to “tame” the mushrooms and obtain a reproducible extract.

Do you suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

What is an obsession?

Do you suffer from unsolicited, distasteful, inappropriate or confusing intrusive thoughts or images?

For example:

Feeling dirty or thinking you are contaminated with germs.

Must at all غیر مجاز می باشدts place or reposition objects precisely.

Being afraid that a disaster will occur as a result of an action you have taken (or not).

Having the same doubts over and over again. (e.g. believing that you injured someone in an accident, that you left the stove on, that you did not lock the door, doubts about your relationships and/or ***ual orientation).

You have aggressive, ***ual, or horrible impulses. (e.g. fear of hurting a child, screaming obscene things, incestuous thoughts).

What is a compulsion?

Compulsions are behaviors or mental gestures that you feel you need to repeat over and over again. For example :

Excessive hand washing, checking, touching and repositioning objects.

Praying, counting or repeating words constantly.

Compulsions aim to neutralize the distress born from an obsession, to protect you against a negative situation or against a feared outcome. Unfortunately, the compulsions end up causing distress in themselves.

Why is it important to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

When left untreated, obsessive-compulsive disorder gets worse over time and can go from very stressful to downright paralyzing. Luckily you don’t have to suffer alone – there is treatment. No matter how bothered and embarrassed you are by your OCD, your therapist will be able to help you. Ocd Therapy can be effective in freeing you from these confusing thoughts and actions so you can finally invest this time in enjoying your life.

What are the symptoms of lung cancer?

The symptoms of advanced lung cancer are:

a cough that does not go away and tends to get worse, or even produces bloody sputum;

chest pain that increases during coughing;

wheezing and shortness of breath on exertion;

hoarseness of the voice that does not disappear after a few weeks;

recurrent respiratory infections.

In the most advanced cases, we observe fatigue, nausea, weight loss, bone pain or vision problems.

How does lung cancer progress?

Today, in France, five-year survival after a diagnosis of lung cancer is 14% (13% in men, 18% in women), making it one of the most difficult cancers to treat. .

In the absence of treatment, cancer cells will migrate into the bloodstream to settle and multiply in the liver, bones, brain, etc. These secondary tumors are called “metastases”.

Certain elements can guide the prognosis:

the appearance of the tumor: a large tumor will be more difficult to treat;

invasion of the lung by cancer cells signals greater severity;

the microscopic particularities of the tumor and the speed of proliferation of cancer cells (their “mitotic index”) also influence the prognosis;

as with all cancers, the presence of metastases in other organs is a sign of greater seriousness.

Stages of progression (lung cancer final weeks)

Depending on the results of additional examinations, the doctor can determine the stage of progression of lung cancer (which determines its prognosis and treatment).

For non-small cell lung cancers, it uses a so-called “TNM” classification which takes into account aspects of the lung tumor, the possible presence of cancer cells in the lymph nodes, and the possible existence of metastases. Depending on the result of this classification, non-small cell lung cancers are said to be “progressive stage 0, Ia (1, 2 or 3), Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IIIc, IVa or IVb”, of increasing severity.

Small cell lung cancers are classified into “localized” and “disseminated.”

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

The feeling of anxiety that people experience from time to time is a completely normal feeling. Especially when life is full of stress.

However, excessive, persistent worry and worry that is difficult to control and interferes with daily activities may be a sign of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Generalized anxiety disorder can develop in both childhood and adulthood. Generalized anxiety disorder has symptoms similar to panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and other types of anxiety, but they are different illnesses.

Living with generalized anxiety disorder can be an ordeal. In many cases, GAD occurs along with other anxiety or mood disorders. In most cases, patients with GAD improve with psychotherapy or medication. Lifestyle changes, learning coping skills and using relaxation techniques may also help.

Symptoms

Symptoms of gad treatment can vary widely.

Emotional symptoms:

Constant worry or worry about regular, expected, or everyday events. The level of anxiety is disproportionate to the objective consequences of these events.

Overthinking plans and decisions with all possible worst-case scenarios in mind.

Perceiving situations as threatening even when they are not.

Difficulties in coping with uncertainty.

Indecision and fear of making the wrong decision.

Inability to manage anxiety.

Inability to relax, increased excitability or tension.

Difficulty concentrating or feeling like your mind is going blank.

Physical signs and symptoms:

fatigue;

sleep problems;

muscle tension or muscle pain;

trembling, convulsions;

nervousness or fearfulness;

sweating;

nausea, diarrhea, or irritable bowel syndrome;

irritability.

There are times when worry doesn't completely consume you, but you still feel anxious for no apparent reason. For example, you may feel very worried about your safety or the safety of your loved ones, or you may have a general feeling that something bad is about to happen.

The symptoms described above cause you significant discomfort socially, at work, or in other areas of your life.

Life's problems or situations may change, but worry and anxiety will move from one problem to another.

Eating disorders are psychiatric illnesses that damage a person's physical and mental health and reduce their overall quality of life - relationships, work and personal development are affected.

In eating disorders, the connection with one's own body is disrupted, which leads to extremely problematic eating behavior. Overemphasis is placed on weight and body shape, underweight is idealized, and various methods are used to lose weight or prevent weight gain.

During their lifetime, approximately 8% of women and 2% of men will develop an eating disorder. Eating disorders occur in any population, regardless of gender, age, ethnicity or socioeconomic status. However, they most often occur in girls and young women.

The term "eating disorder" is often mistakenly used as a synonym for selective eating disorder, since both involve disordered eating. However, their causes are different: an eating disorder is caused by a desire to control weight, while in a selective eating disorder, eating certain foods causes anxiety or fear.

Other eating disorders

Anorexia, bulimia and binge eating disorder are three of the most common and well-known eating disorders. However, often not all of the symptoms of a person with an eating disorder correspond to one specific disorder. In such cases, these disorders are called “atypical” or “other eating disorders.” There is a common myth that in such cases the course of the disease is milder and treatment is taken more lightly. However, this is erroneous, since the name of the disease indicates only its diagnostic criteria, and not its severity or course.

Causes of eating disorders

There is never one single reason for the development of eating disorders. These are complex diseases in the development of which a combination of many factors plays an important role. Genetic, biological and environmental factors always play a role. Modern social attitudes, including diet culture and the cult of thinness, contribute to the development of psychological vulnerability, which can become a fertile environment for the development of eating disorders. It is likely for the same reasons that higher rates of eating disorders are observed in sports in which weight is a major concern and in appearance-oriented professions. However, it should be emphasized that viewing social networks or playing certain sports does not contribute to the development of the disease. There are many factors involved in the development of the disease that are usually beyond a person's control. However, it is often more practical and even more important to identify disease-sustaining factors, since changing them is associated with better treatment outcomes.

What is RPP

An eating disorder is a mental disorder that causes a person to have problems eating. For example, he may eat a lot and find it difficult to stop, or, conversely, he doesn’t feel like eating for a long time.

There is an opinion that eating disorders are a problem of teenage girls, but various types of eating disorders are found in people of all genders and ages.

RPP is more often diagnosed in women, but this does not mean that women are more susceptible to this condition than men. It’s just that women turn to specialists for help more often than men, which is why they are included in statistics more often.

In addition, eating disorder can develop in children and the elderly.

Symptoms of an Eating Disorder

An eating disorder is a list of conditions, and symptoms vary depending on the specific type of eating disorder.

Common signs include the following:

feeling guilty for eating something “extra”;

excessive concern about your weight: you are constantly trying to radically change it - go on strict diets, start playing sports intensively (for example, you have never been jogging and suddenly decide to run every day), buy dietary supplements or medications (diuretics, laxatives) to “bring weight” weight back to normal”;

frequent overeating - a state when satiety has already occurred, but it is difficult to stop;

the desire to eat something under stress or, conversely, to refuse food.

People with an eating disorder may hide food or eat in secret, and may avoid going out with friends because they are afraid of being in a relaxed group with lots of food.

Causes of eating disorders

The reasons may be the following:

Psychological. Low self-esteem, perfectionism, impulsive behavior and problematic relationships can contribute to the development of an eating disorder.

Biological. An eating disorder treatment can be caused, for example, by a decrease in the level of serotonin, a hormone that is involved in the regulation of mood and appetite.

The influence of media and social networks. The image of the ideal body that we see in the media and social networks reduces satisfaction with our own body. In one study, researchers surveyed teenage girls who read fashion magazines. 47% of respondents answered that photographs from magazines make them want to lose weight.

Genetic. A person's chance of developing an eating disorder is higher if one of his family members has such a disorder. But still the main reason is mental problems.

Depression Treatment

Psychotherapists use several methods to treat this illness. For example, the psychodynamic direction, which is characterized by an analysis of what led to a depressive episode. The specialist analyzes early loss and trauma.

Another way to get out of depression is through cognitive behavioral therapy. What is the essence of the technique:

A person has negative core beliefs about himself and the world.

The psychotherapist identifies negative bases and corrects them.

Each basis is worked through by recognizing the patient’s own thinking errors.

After sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy, the patient begins to accept himself with all his strengths and weaknesses. A person stops depending on other people’s opinions and stops being afraid of making mistakes. And also adequately assesses the situation.

When beliefs are adjusted, life situations are perceived differently. Everything corresponds to reality.

To help the patient get out of depression, the psychotherapist determines what caused the current condition. If depression is neurotic, a person interacts with society and even works, although this is given through force.

If the depression is psychotic or endogenous, in which the emotional balance is lost, drug therapy helps.

But in any case, the disease is treated comprehensively. Antidepressants should not be used alone, as this will lead to worsening of the condition and repeated episodes. However, complete refusal to take medications in the acute form of the disease will also lead to negative consequences and high health risks.

The main thing is attentiveness and self-love, following all the recommendations of the psychotherapist.

How to get out of depression as a woman: six simple tips

As stated earlier, women are more susceptible to depression than men. However, statistics prove that women pay more attention to their mental health, which means they are able to notice the early stages of the disease earlier or prevent them in advance. This fact increases the chances of women to cope with the disease on their own by following simple advice.

Get a charge of positive emotions and vivid impressions.

Try something new for yourself: skydiving, kayaking, mountain hiking, traveling to distant countries. Put off regular walks and hobbies for later.

Play sports, move a lot.

Physical activity activates the production of joy hormones. Exercise before bed, sign up for a masغیر مجاز می باشدe.

Change your hobby.

A new hobby will help you get out of depression if your old one has stopped making you happy. Attend webinars and master classes.

Eat right.

Avoid fatty foods. Diversify your diet with light, but healthy and tasty dishes. Eat more vegetables, seafood, fruits.

Plan your day.

Stick to a daily routine. Alternate work with rest. Don't forget about sleep. Try to go to bed and get up at the same time. Remember healthy sleep is at least 8 hours a day.

Relax every day.

Pay attention to breathing practices and yoga exercises. Daily exercises of 10 minutes will help in the fight against stressful situations and anxiety.

Choosing a Cognitive Processing Therapy Approach

As you can see, cognitive processing therapy can be a fairly intensive process, involving multiple, lengthy sessions and significant homework. For this reason, it is possible to follow TTC as an outpatient or inpatient. Both types of programs have demonstrated beneficial outcomes for patients. If you think TTC is worth pursuing, how do you decide which option is best for you?

One of the benefits of choosing an inpatient treatment program is that it can help you stay focused while you go through the processes mentioned above, which could optimize how you receive and respond to care. Inpatient cognitive processing therapy has been shown to reduce PTSD symptoms, including suicidal impulses, by decreasing patients' perceived burden on others and restructuring their negative beliefs.

  For example, veterans with PTSD who receive TTC in residential rehabilitation programs report greater improvement in their symptoms than those who receive outpatient treatment. Studies also show that the more people with PTSD receive inpatient treatment, the more they see improvement in their symptoms and the less need for outpatient services.

Despite this encouraging scientific evidence and all the clinical successes in favor of cognitive processing therapy for trauma, it is likely that you will not see results immediately – it may take some time before you see an improvement in symptoms. TTC sessions typically take place over a 12-week period, so the benefits of TTC should not be evident from day one. Long-term commitment and adherence to the program is necessary, and any improvement in symptoms you see will be gradual.

That said, one of the best aspects of the cognitive processing therapy approach to dealing with trauma is that the results are long-lasting. Several scientific studies have proven that improvement in PTSD symptoms can last for several months, or even years, after the TTC program ends. It is therefore no surprise that the American Psychological Association's (APA) Guideline Development Panel for the Treatment of PTSD strongly recommends TTC, among other cognitive-behavioral therapies, as a first-line treatment option for patients. adults with PTSD.

Of course, each patient responds differently to trauma therapy, and some treatments may be more effective for some than others. However, the benefits of cognitive behavioral therapy for treating trauma- and stressor-related disorders have been repeatedly demonstrated, such that cognitive behavioral therapy is often recommended as the gold standard of all cognitive behavioral therapy approaches.

  Although it may seem daunting to take the first step in seeking treatment, and to continue receiving that treatment even if you don't see immediate results, it is essential to know when to seek help. If your trauma is negatively impacting your quality of life, well-being, or relationships, taking this first step can help develop long-term strategies to manage your beliefs about your trauma and get your life back on track .

Migraine (from Latin hemicrania (hemicrania) - half of the head) is a benign chronic neurological disease, manifested by intense throbbing pain in the eye, forehead, temple, usually on one side of the head. The disease may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound, lethargy and drowsiness after the attack.

It is worth noting that hemicrania is a benign disease, and therefore does not lead to either organic brain damage or stroke. Described by Hippocrates, it has been known since ancient times as a disease of active people who intensively engage in mental work.

Causes of migraine

Since migraine is hereditary, its first attacks may appear in childhood or adolescence. It has been proven that women suffer from this type of headache three times more often than men. This is due to the direct dependence of attacks of this type of cephalalgia on female hormones. For the same reason, migraine stops attacking after menopause, in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, and after 50 years it practically does not occur (including men).

How does hemicrania occur?

The mechanism of hemicrania is described as a wave of electrical excitability (scientists call it extended cortical depression), provoked by neurons that conduct pain impulses from certain structures of the head. As a result, narrowing occurs, and then dilation and inflammation of the vessels of the meninges, which causes the release of inflammatory mediators. They, in turn, irritate the endings of the trigeminal nerve, which gives rise to headaches.

4 Stages of migraine and their symptoms

An attack of hemicrania includes four stages, each of which has its own symptoms. The order of stages for each attack may be different.

1. Prodromal (prodrome) stage.

According to a number of studies, the estimated number of migraine sufferers is up to 38% of the entire planet's population. The prodromal stage occurs in only half of this number of people. They are depressed, irritable, or, conversely, full of strength and energy several hours or days before the onset of a headache. Some patients anticipate the exact timing of an attack of hemicrania.

2. Aura.

Aura is a set of symptoms of neurological diseases that foreshadow the onset of hemicrania or occur at the very beginning. It does not always recur during an attack of cephalalgia, lasting from 10 to 30 minutes. It manifests itself primarily as visual symptoms, but many patients also experience symptoms in the extremities (starting in the fingers of one hand with tingling/numbness/weakness and continuing to spread throughout the entire hand). One of the symptoms of this stage is difficulty in finding the right words.

3. Headache.

It is localized mainly on the side of the temple or in the forehead area and lasts up to 2-3 days. The pain is very strong, pulsating in nature and intensifies with movement. Sometimes accompanied by nausea and vomiting triggered by irritants such as certain odors, light or noise.

4. Stage of resolution of hemicrania.

Once the headache ends, the feeling of weakness and fatigue may return. Full recovery will occur within a day.

Complications of hemicrania

One of the common complications is drug abuse, which occurs when trying to relieve a migraine attack. Excessive intake of painkillers (of different groups) itself provokes headaches. This kind of vicious circle inevitably leads to a chronic form of migraine.

Loss of performance and decreased quality of life during cephalalgia attacks.